The Measurement Of Success Of Any Project Time, Cost,...

The parameters of measurement of success of any project-time, cost, safety, quality and customer satisfaction can be severely affected by construction delays (Shujaa Safdar Gardezi, 2013). This study investigates various factors affecting the timeline of the schedule by various participants in the project, followed by mathematical analysis to propose that the major reasons for delays are the domestic issues of the country. 2.1 Current techniques for the analysis of delays Following are three different modes of application of delay analysis techniques based on their simulations with fundamental schedules: 1. Direct Analysis Direct analysis involves examining the available schedule information without doing any simulations and modifications. Therefore, it is relatively simple, easy, less time consuming and a lot less expensive to perform. 2. Additive Analysis In this methodology, the delays are added to the schedule as individual activities to simulate the actual scenario of occurrence and reflect the effects of the delays on the as-planned schedule. The additions of the delays can be performed individually knowns as single stage analysis as well as in multiple schedules also known as multi-stage analysis (Trauner, 1990). Some of the examples of additive analysis are time impact analysis, impacted as-planned, window analysis and as-planned but for. 3. Subtractive Analysis In this analysis, modifications and simulations are carried out on the as-built schedules in a backwardShow MoreRelatedQuality Insurance1712 Words   |  7 PagesQuality Improvement Plan: Part III - Managing and Improving Quality In today’s health care environment, competition remains high and many organizations are seeking new ways to improve their quality of care, as well as remain competitive with other health care organizations in the process. Various methods exist today for organizations to integrate quality improvement strategies to help in the measurement of performance improvements. This paper will discuss:1) several methodologies, the pros andRead MoreFood And Drink Industries Companies1622 Words   |  7 Pagescontrol panels. Accordingly, this approach can carry a lot of variation over time. Moreover, this process is time consuming, costly and limited by the number of samples that can be tested. It requires involving people from outside of the company so it is needed to deal with issues like confidentiality, safety and public image. Based on any of the food and drink industries companies’ benefit’s purpose, the DMACI project team proposes a measure system of E-noses and E-tongu es to measure smell and tasteRead MoreTotal Quality Management (Tqm) in Hospitality Industry: a Study of the Application of Tqm in  a Hotels  Engineering Department and Its  Effects on  Hotel Performance18578 Words   |  75 PagesTotal Quality Management (TQM) in Hospitality Industry: A study of the application of TQM in  a hotels  engineering department and its  effects on  hotel performance By Mark Chan A DISSERTATION Submitted to The University of Liverpool in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF Project Management 2011 A Dissertation entitled Total Quality Management (TQM) in Hospitality Industry: A study of the application of TQM in  a hotels  engineeringRead MoreThe Iso 9000: 2008 Is A Family Of International Quality1433 Words   |  6 PagesThe ISO 9000: 2008 is a family of international quality management standards and guidelines is used as a basis for establishing efficient and effective quality management systems. Nowadays more companies are operating in the global market economy, and it has become more important for the need for standardised international standards. They form a collective of documents developed and updated for continual improvement and business excellence to meet the needs and expectations of users and the marketRead MoreIntroduction – Process Improvement Plan. Space Systems2078 Words   |  9 Pagesfor future full scale model rocket launch. This project will only include the assembly of the rocket. The process improvement plan is a component of the Project Management Plan for the Canadian Arrow Rocket plan that will outline steps to analy ze the project and to identify any areas of opportunity that could benefit from enhancements (Project Management Institute, 2013). This process improvement plan is conducted throughout the life of the project. The Process Improvement Plan includes keeping anRead MoreQuality Gurus2253 Words   |  10 Pageshave been responsible for the quality movement with the leading contributors W. Edwards Deming, Joseph M. Juran, and Philip B. Crosby. Compare and Contrast the three primary quality gurus and select one of these leaders and describe why you feel his work has definitely contributed to project quality management. Build on the items presented in the textbook in terms of their contributions and the comparison of the expert s work. Discuss the highlights of the quality Guru s contribution. Note whatRead MoreTotal Quality Management: Ability to Deliver High-Quality Products and Services to Customers4370 Words   |  18 Pagesï » ¿ Total quality management (TQM) is the organization-wide effort to install and make permanent a climate in which it continuously improves its ability to deliver high-quality products and services to customers. While there is no widely agreed-upon approach, TQM efforts typically draw heavily on the previously-developed tools and techniques of quality control. As a business phenomenon, TQM enjoyed widespread attention during the late 1980s and early 1990s before being overshadowed by ISO 9000, LeanRead MoreEnvironment Factor Affecting Construction Industry50067 Words   |  201 PagesThe Islamic University - Gaza Deanery of High Studies Faculty of Engineering Construction Management Dep. ΓÎ °Ã  ±ΔÏ ´Ã £Ã ¼ÃŽ ³Ã ¹ÃŽ ΔÏÅ'Ï £ÃŽÅ½ÃŽ  ÃÅ¸ÃŽ  ÎŽÏ ´Ã  ÃÅ'ÏŸÎ ΕΎÎ ³ÃŽ ÃŽ ­ÃŽ ªÃÅ¸ÃŽ ΓÎ ©ÃŽÅ½Ã ¤Ãâ€¹ ΔÎ ³ÃŽ ªÃ ¨Ã ¬ÃÅ¸ÃŽ ΔÏ ´Ã  Ãâ€º ÃŽ ªÃ ´Ã ´ÃŽ ¸ÃŽËœÃÅ¸ÃŽ ΓÎ ­ÃŽ ÃŽ ©ÃŽâ€¡Ï ¢ÃŽ ´Ãâ€" Factors Affecting the Performance of Construction Projects in the Gaza Strip Saleh Samir Abu Shaban B.Sc. Civil Engineering, The Islamic University Supervised by Prof. Dr. Adnan Enshassi Professor of Construction Engineering and Management A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the RequirementsRead MoreThe Baldrige Performance Excellence Program1201 Words   |  5 PagesBaldrige Performance Excellence Program The Baldrige Performance Excellence Program is a current model using certain criteria for purposes of improving quality and risk management. Health care organizations and risk managers around the country utilize this model to boost safety processes and outcomes. At the other end, a final goal is sought to reduce cost and get positive results for the organization. Criteria within the Baldrige model focuses on the successful operation of health care organizationsRead MoreIntroduction to Balanced Scorecard3479 Words   |  14 PagesIntroduction to the Balanced Scorecard and Performance Measurement Systems 1 Chapter 1 Introduction to the Balanced Scorecard and Performance Measurement Systems by Christian C. Johnson From the beginning, it is important to understand why measuring an organization’s performance is both necessary and vital. An organization operating without a performance measurement system is like an airplane flying without a compass, a Formula One race car driver guiding his car blindfolded, or a CEO

My Identity/My School Free Essays

I am a unique individual who enjoys the beauty of nature. I appreciate the things around me. Living life to the fullest is what I am up to; thus giving inspiration to others by treating them fairly regardless of their race and traditions make me fulfilled. We will write a custom essay sample on My Identity/My School or any similar topic only for you Order Now Like other individuals, I am a sociable person who enjoys meeting new set of people. Meeting and knowing others’ personality is a great privilege and I find them helpful in making myself a better individual. As the saying goes â€Å"no one is an island†, so meeting another people gives me more ideas and views of what life is. There are times when I encounter difficulties in life, I immediately think that life is not worth living for but when I meet people whose problems are so complicated, that is the time I compare my situation to them and realize that I am blessed and I should not give up and quit immediately because there is always a solution in every problem. In addition, since humans compose of body, soul and spirit, I make sure that I do not only feed my body with supplements to make it strong but as well as my spirit. I strongly believe that my soul needs something in order to grow and live. I make sure to attend the Sunday church and not only that, I also read the word of God because that is the food of our soul. Going to church and have fellowship with my brothers and sisters in the Lord makes my week complete. I know I can face another week because I am strengthened not just physically but spiritually. On the other hand, in order to make myself active, I too indulge into different kinds of sports that can help me strong physically. I find sports very interesting because it does not only energize my body but it quickens my mind in how to play the game. The more I play; the good techniques and strategies creep in my mind especially if I play the sports with my family. I just like being with them. It is a good feeling to be with your love ones. No amount of money can measure or compare if your family is intact and having a good time all together as one. Playing sports is one of the ways we can bond each other as family. Further more, since I am an administrator (assistant principal) it is my philosophy to educate every student regardless of their backgrounds; thus, each one of them can learn more and be the most equip student if just given by the government the proper tools of technology, has a place conducive for learning, and safe environment. Feature Article  Country School  Allen Curnow Ethnic Identity: Aside from being an educator, I am an African American with strong beliefs about helping my fellow African American brothers and sisters as well as other ethnic groups that I encounter. Helping others by educating them is such a noble work. I would like to have them good education as I have. Giving them good education can make them competitive in every endeavor they are in. It does not mean that I am an African American I cannot already do the things which others do. In fact, my ethnicity is not a hindrance to be a successful educator. My ethnicity is not an issue in making me successful in life. I want other people realize especially those who look themselves as inferior to stand firm of what they believe in. I would like to inspire them that through education, they can make their lives fruitful and success is just on their hands if they will continue in educating themselves. Moreover, I would like to inculcate to the young learners that good education is the only wealth our parents leave that nobody can snatch or steal it away from us. Moreover, I would inspire them by telling them that our status and ethnicity in life cannot hinder our dreams to have good education and to be educated. School Community: The school I hope to create is a place that is safe and conducive for all learners. I want that school to be well-equip with materials related to the learning areas of the students. Since school activities are social activities, we must look into the routine found in adult society as a guide in laying the basis for routine in classroom organization and control. Much of the details of providing a good work space can be routinized. There should be a place where to put things out of the way, and everyone in the room should know where each thing goes. Routine should merely aid, in setting before the pupils, opportunities for educational experience. The ability to set up routine and to conform properly to it is in itself a worthwhile and necessary outcome of education. The complexity of the modern school, system calls for more routinization of our classroom procedure. It is, therefore, exceedingly important for the teacher to determine what classroom activities should be routinized and made into habits. The teacher will find the task much easier if the pupils are brought to see and understand fully the value of routine. Likewise, he should make it a point he wishes to develop. Certain classroom activities should be conducted in the most effective way to allow more time for essential learning activities. It is therefore necessary that daily activities can be turned into habits to facilitate speed and avoid waste of time. This is time-and-nerve-saving, and it is also good education Routinizing certain activities has a further value in that it prevents confusion and saves time. Confusion reduces the effectiveness of learning activities. Routinizing also aids in keeping the attention of the pupils upon their work. The following should make up routine activity. If considering discipline the teacher must remember that he is constantly faced with two behavior problems—one is the problem of what to do to take care of the immediate situation. This is the one tow which the teacher typically gives relative overemphasis. The other problem is the one of visualizing the long-time behavior patterns that the teacher is trying to develop in the learner. The learner must also be helped to organize long-time needs and goals and also visualize the behaviors that are likely to help him achieve these goals. In not only to plan present behavior to meet day by day situations, but must also have a vision of the goals of his behavior in the future that will be most satisfying. Teachers must help learners practice using both immediate and remote consequences, particularly the latter since these are more difficult to see.                                  How to cite My Identity/My School, Essay examples

Lightning Analysis Essay Example For Students

Lightning Analysis Essay Lightning is a discharge of static electricity in the atmosphere, which causes abright flash of light. When lighting goes through the air, it heats the air todegrees hotter than the suns surface about 50,000 degrees fahrenheit. Thisheating causes the air to expand and contract. This causes the sound calledthunder. Lightning is caused by a build up of negative ions in the atmospherewhich discharges into the ground causing the negative ions to go with thepositive ions in the ground. Static electricity is negatively and positivelycharged atoms. A static charge on the other hand is a individual atom with anegative or positive charge. There are three types of charges negative positiveand neutral. Negative and positive ions attract. But two negatives repel eachother, just like two positives will. Neutrally charged ions can attract to bothnegative and positive ions, because they have and balanced charge of negativeand positive ions, this means it has the same amount of negative and positive ions. This is where the following rule is true opposites attract, andlikes repel. Static electricity is generated when two different objectsare rubbed together and some electrons are stolen from one object and then startto collect on the surface of the other object. The object that loses electronsbecomes positively charged, because electrons are negatively charged and thereis an absence of electrons and too many protons. Now because opposites attractand like repel the reason hair stands up when you rub something on it can beexplained. When something is rubbed in a dry place, the thing takes electronsfrom your hair, leaving your hair with a positive charge it stands up as faraway as possible from the other positively charged hairs. There reason there islittle static electricity in areas with a high humidity, like the VirginIslands, is because the humidity in the air is a conductor of electricity, so ithelps trancfer the free electrons to an area that can accept electrons, like theear th so not many free electrons stay on any object that is saturated. Staticelectricity can be use to do many things, one of these things is keeping downair pollution by putting an electrode in factory smoke stacks so that the dustwill collect on the electrode. Lightning and static can be hazardous. lightningis harmful, some people think it does not have any threat from a distance, likewhen a lighting storm is up to ten miles away. The most lightning strikes takeplace under the lightning storm where the rain is raining the hardest. Signs totell if lightning is going to strike in your area are, If your hair stands upyou hear static popping or crackling, and if you feel you body tingle due toions moving through your body the static on portable electronic things increasessuddenly, you smell the smell of statically charged air, or you see staticsparks sparking in the air around you. Things to do inside to keep from gettinghurt while in a lightning storm are, get away from doorways outside , porches,windows, and good conductors of electricity. Avoid phones that are not cordlessand if it is a cordless phone avoid it if it is on the cradle. Do not touchthings that use electricity unless they are unplugged. Do not stand near or layon concrete walls. Do not use a metal building for shelter. And dont go intothe basement because the electricity can travel through the ground. To not gethurt outside, go inside if you hear thunder, if the sky looks threatening, andstay inside for at least 30 minutes after the last sound of thunder. If you arecaught outside and do not have shelter close to you during a lightning storm,you should crouch to the ground, get onto the balls of your feet, put your handson your knees, put your head between your knees, make yourself as small as youcan, and try to have as little physical contact to the ground as you can. Staticelectricity has been known about for some time. Some time around the year 600BCthe Greek Mathematician named Thales was might ha ve been the first to recordthat amber rubbed with fur would attract small light objects. In 1733 C.F. deCistenay Dufay named the two charges of static, resinous electricity due to toomany electrons, and electron deficiency electricity. Now static electricity isdiscovered to be a source of many problems in industry. . Static can causeproblems in Industry, like in the production of plastic materials, and thetransportation or use of flammable liquids. With the production of plasticmaterials the plastic can cause the production machines to clog, and thin stripsof plastic to stick together and clog machines. With transporting or usingflammable liquids a static spark can igniht a whole container of the liquid. A renewable energy source:wind power EssayThese three generators can be used to see how much static can effect somecertain types of materials. The three generators might not work in humid placesbecause the water in the air might help conduct the static charges to a placewhere they can easily be taken in by positively charged ions. Lightning can bedangerous and may hurt you badly and even kill you if it gets to you, But allLightning is, is a enormous charge of static electricity. Static electricity cancharge in many different places, as long as there is poor grounding, poorconducting and plenty of negative and positive charge ions to go transfer to andfrom. There will be static charges where ever more than one atom with at leasttwo or more electrons and protons are, as long as they orbit each other andoccasionally steal electrons from each other and then give them back, as long asthis happens there will be static charges. Index (in order of appearance)Definition of Lightning, 1 What Makes Lightning, 1 What Makes Static, 1Definition of Static electricity, 1 Uses for Static, 2 Lightning Safety, 2Static History, 3 Static Hazards, 3 Static Prevention in Plastic Production, 3Static Prevention in Fuel, 4 Static Generators, 5 Static Ideas, 5 Static andLightningBibliographyhttp://www.pluginstorage.com/html/save_the_boards.html website: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/er/mhx/lightng.htmwebsite: http://www.nhoem.state.nh.us/mitigation/section_iii.htm website:http://www.sciencemadesimple.com/static.html website: http://www.jci.co.uk/ControlStatic.htmlwebsite: http://www.amasci.com/emotor/statelec.html (used to get more resources)website: http://www.nhoem.state.nh.us/mitigation/fig%203-16.htm website: http://tqjunior.thinkquest.org/6064/history.htmlwebsite: http://www.idptech.com/static.htm website: http://www.engr.uky.edu/gedney/courses/ee468/expmnt/vdg.htmlwebsite: http://www.ronkurtus.com/physcien/staticexpl.htm website: http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/prevention/flammable_stat ic.html

Society Does Not Define Me free essay sample

In movies everywhere we look we see societys version of perfect girls, which forces girls everywhere to believe thats how youre supposed to look. Because of society I grew up thinking that skinny was beautiful, but it turns out that wasnt true. During middle school I was bullied for various things, which made me think I wasnt beautiful. With this mindset I did whatever I could to fit societys standards of beautiful.I tried diets and when I couldnt see results fast enough I moved on to eating disorders. In health class I learned how dangerous eating disorders actually were and learned society didnt approve of them. I thought, What the hell can I do to be perfect? As I continued suffering from eating disorders thought I was becoming more beautiful. Even though thought was still beautiful others didnt, was still being bullied on how I look. We will write a custom essay sample on Society Does Not Define Me or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What am I doing wrong? I asked myself everyday.I became more and more unhappy with how I looked. When I looked In the mirror I would point out a new flaw, one that didnt line up to what society craved. I thought being beautiful was a good thing, and I thought it would make me feel good about yeses but I was wrong. I tried makeup to cover up all the flaws I had, it never worked I Just looked like a clown. I was adopted and had epilepsy. It made me different; different was not accepted in the eyes of society. No matter what I did I was never satisfied with myself.After a battle between me and society I realized I am different for a reason and no matter what society thinks I am beautiful. I believe that society needs to change how they view perfect. They make It very difficult for people to live a happy day-to-day life. Girls are always worrying about how they look; they can never seem to be happy with themselves. In order for society to become more helpful Instead of harmful they need to stop saying skinny Is beautiful and that you should love yourself no matter what.Society puts a strain on girls self image, they view themselves as fat and ugly even if they arent. They strive to be perfect, but in reality nobody is. Since society isnt changing quickly enough, I decided I was the one who needed to change. I thought about what made me happy and I started not to care what others thought of me. By skirmish In magazines, on T V, in movies everywhere we look we see society version of isnt beautiful. With this mindset I did whatever I could to fit society standards of were and learned society didnt approve of them.I thought, What the hell can I do to be perfect? As I continued suffering from eating disorders I thought I was becoming more beautiful. Even though I thought I was still beautiful others didnt, I was still became more and more unhappy with how I looked. When I looked in the mirror I I believe that society needs to change how they view perfect.

Consistent Use of That in Parallel Constructions

Consistent Use of That in Parallel Constructions Consistent Use of â€Å"That† in Parallel Constructions Consistent Use of â€Å"That† in Parallel Constructions By Mark Nichol As a conjunction, that is often optional. But when two or more corresponding phrases are involved, employ it consistently or omit it altogether, as explained in the discussion and shown in the revision following each of these examples. 1. It is healthy to recognize that biases exist and everyone has them. In this sentence, â€Å"everyone has them† might be read as an afterthought rather than a second consideration parallel with â€Å"biases exist.† To strengthen its correspondence with the earlier phrase, repeat that: â€Å"It is healthy to recognize that biases exist and that everyone has them.† (A misreading is unlikely to occur if the sole instance of that in the original sentence is deleted, but the sentence is more effectively rendered with that inserted before each phrase.) 2. More than three out of four respondents indicated their organizations are either facing strong pressure to reduce costs or that they are facing increased demand to manage spending levels. Here, if the sentence ended with costs (with either no longer necessary), inserting that after indicated would be discretionary. But if the writer uses it after the conjunction or, it must also appear in the corresponding position in the first part of the sentence, and either must be shifted to an earlier position: â€Å"More than three out of four respondents indicated either that their organizations are facing strong pressure to reduce costs or that they are facing increased demand to manage spending levels.† Alternatively, it can be deleted after or as well, in which case either must remain in its original location. (However, consider a third option that renders an earlier instance of that unnecessary and simplifies the sentence: â€Å"More than three out of four respondents indicated that their organizations are facing either strong pressure to reduce costs or increased demand to manage spending levels.†) 3. Get the facts out and make sure all sides of the issue are voiced, all relevant facts are obtained, and that everyone whose opinion is valued is heard. In this case, because of the list structure, that need not be repeated for each list item, but if it is to be employed at all, it must be inserted at the head of the list: â€Å"Get the facts out and make sure that all sides of the issue are voiced, all relevant facts are obtained, and everyone whose opinion is valued is heard.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:11 Writing Exercises to Inspire You and Strengthen Your WritingHow to Treat Names of Groups and Organizations

Homogeneous Definition and Examples

Homogeneous Definition and Examples Homogeneous refers to a substance that is consistent or uniform throughout its volume. A sample taken from any part of a homogeneous substance will have the same characteristics as a sample taken from another area. Example Air is considered a homogeneous mixture of gases. Pure salt has a homogeneous composition. In a more general sense, a group of school children all dressed in the same uniform may be considered homogeneous. Antonym In contrast, the term heterogeneous refers to a substance that has an irregular composition. A mixture of apples and oranges is heterogeneous. A bucket of rocks contains a heterogeneous mixture of shapes, sizes, and composition. A group of different barnyard animals is heterogeneous. A mixture of oil and water is heterogeneous because the two liquids do not mix evenly. If a sample is taken from one part of the mixture, it may not contain equal amounts of oil and water.

Plant biology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Plant biology - Essay Example HGT is observed mainly between prokaryotes (single-celled organisms) like bacteria but also can be in Eukaryotes (protists, fungi, plants, animals, humans) to a lesser extent. HGT was first described by Ochiai et al. in 1959, in relation to transfer of antibiotic resistance between different bacterial species. Thereafter many scientists have studied and discussed about this phenomenon and now it is accepted that HGT is not a rare event and what is present in the biological world today is not a result of vertical gene transmission alone but also of HGT. Biological kingdom of earth can be categorized into three domains as bacteria, archea and eukaryotes. During vertical gene transmission, genetic information exchange between members of these domains is restricted to closely-related organisms with homologous DNA sequences. Therefore the ancestry of an organism could be traced back by analyzing their DNA and individuals with similar gene sequences can be grouped together to construct the evolutionary pathway. However, as HGT can transfer genes across wide phylogenetic distances, this picture become obscure. The phylogenetic tree of life (Figure 1) which present the relationship among different biological taxa is thus complicated by HGT as numerous interconnecting branches became obvious due to the presence of homologous DNA sequences in distantly-related organisms (Simonson et al.). Transfer of genes between different biological kingdoms, such as between eucaryotes and bacteria, or between bacteria and insects are some extreme cases of gene exchange between wide phylogenetic distances. An example is the presence of bacterial 'rol' genes from Agrobacterium species in tobacco (Nicotiniana) plants (Intrieri and Buiatti). Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree of life as proposed by Carl Woese In vertical gene transmission, genetic variability of a species mainly arises during meiosis by recombination of genes. According to Mendal’s law of inheritance, alleles of different genes assort independently during gamete formation and thereby produce novel gene combinations which in turn generate variability. Mutations, which are the random changes of gene sequence of a DNA strand, are considered as an error in the vertical gene transmission process. It can happen as a point mutation, chromosomal duplication, breaking and rearrangement of chromosomes and addition or deletion of chromosomes. When such mutant is passed down to the next generation, it is not a mutant anymore, but a variant or a novel type. The variants who survive according to Darwin’s theory of â€Å"survival of the fittest†, subsequently pass the novel characters to their offspring by sexual or asexual reproduction. HGT however, is not a mutation and is not involved in gamete formation or sexual reproduction. It moves transposable elements between distantly-related or unrelated genomes and thereby intervenes in the process of evolution by originating different cell types and cre ating variants in its own way. Two hypotheses are presented here as ‘Continual horizontal transfer hypothesis’ and ‘Early massive horizontal transfer hypothesis.’ (Jain, Rivera and Lake). According to the ‘Continual horizontal transfer hypothesis’, HGT is a continuous process during prokaryotic evolution whereas in the ‘Early massive horizontal transfer hypothesis’, a massive exchange of a few operational genes (genes involved in

Reading reflection Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reading reflection - Assignment Example Inner speech however may not be an excellent way of learning since the mind might be distracted. As a result of instances of inner speech, the learner shifts the focus from the subject being shared to him hence the learner may not benefit from the inner speech adequately. In reflection No. 2, it is interesting to find out that it is not every question asked that can engage the students in an active way while in class. It is surprising to note that from research, three questions out of five which are asked in class require students to recall learnt data. In addition, out of five questions, the other is a managerial question and only one requires students to think on high levels in their thought processes (Borich, 2013). The statistics are shocking since they punch holes in the other assertions from the book that the thought process is a critical part of the learning process. During such an instance, the students do not learn effectively from the class lessons offered. However, such knowledge provides a chance for teachers to learn and adopt new ways of asking questions the right way to benefit the students. Therefore, whenever asking questions, the teachers should structure them in a way that generates an answer that has been well thought about. The p ractice will lead to actively engaging the thoughts of the students in such a manner that they benefit in the learning process. The use of the correct word choice, tonal variation and emphasis on specific words captivates the mind of the student keeping the mind alert. The main goal of carrying out a dialogue in class in a self-directed learning is to allow students participate in the learning process so as to enable them to understand complex class work content. A teacher achieves the learning objective when the students show gain of knowledge, skills and even develop a

Planning and Developing a Marketing Campaign Essay Example for Free

Planning and Developing a Marketing Campaign Essay In this assignment, I will be exploring the marketing mix and all of its different factors as well as to apply this to Coca-Cola and how they are currently and may be affected by the marketing mix in the future. Product A product is anything that is capable of satisfying customer needs. There are two different offerings of this being, a physical item or of a virtual type. The product is therefore created at a specific cost and marketed at a desired price that would be deemed as acceptable for the quality of the item. Every product will follow a lifecycle, a company can increase its competitive edge. There are many different ways in which they can develop or expand upon a certain product so that it can remain relevant and up to date with the changing market especially when it reaches the decline or end of its life. Product development The process of creating or improving a product or service and managing it during all stages from design through marketing. Product development is a key part of introducing a new, appealing product to their audience, this process may involve numerous modifications to the product so that it does meet the needs and purpose of the product. There are various stages that a new or improved product or service goes through from design, through developing, testing, and marketing it. Form and Function form fit function, is used in manufacturing to describe the identifying characteristics of a part. For example, the screw is intended to hold other parts of the product together. In practice, the rule of form follows function, start the design process by first getting as much information as possible about the purpose of the piece you are creating. Using this process allows a company to understand and ensure that the product is acceptable as well as fit for its purpose. Without this process, the intentions and purpose for a product can be lost, which ideally is not a stage of which what a company would want to beat. Packaging Packaging is a very crucial part when creating and marketing a product because it is the first thing the customer sees before purchasing the product, therefore, this makes the packaging of the product to be respectable and appropriate to catch the eye of the consumer. How the product is packaged may also be what attracts the consumer to check out the product on the shelf or it could be a product that stands out from the rest online, amongst its competitors. For this reason, companies conduct extensive research on color schemes, designs and types of product packaging that is the most appealing to its intended consumer. The main function of packaging is to protect the product from damage during the process from the producer to the consumer, this process involves travel and shelf life of the product. Branding Branding a product was much easier when there were no websites, smartphones, interactive games or social media. Today, creative teams are required to seamlessly brand products across multiple media, using the same voice, design and messaging, often with different creative teams and designers creating separate brand extensions. Without a strong brand behind your product line, there’s little to compel a buyer to choose you over another option. And with so many options in most markets today, branding is more important than ever. Product branding gives the items in your store an identity within the marketplace. Good branding can allow your specific products to stand out against what a competitor offers, and engender the kind of brand loyalty that pulls customers into your store. That identity is built of numerous components, including logos, design, packaging, messaging as well as names and descriptions. Coca-Cola has been around since 1892 and has developed a well-known brand all over the world. They are a company who have worked on producing a high quality, refreshing product that meets the needs of their consumers. They have developed their product minimally and have always offered the same refreshing taste. From having a simple and unique design this has meant that they can stand out amongst competitive brands such as Pepsi. In addition, the look of the product has also been similar since they started, by doing this Coca-Cola is able to provide a distinctive well-known product all over the world. Coca-Cola is the best marketing and branding company in the world, the company built began with one soda. Today it is one of the world’s most valuable brands and they’ve done it by integrating different components into the marketing mix. Price – is the value that is put into a product or service and is the result of a complex set of calculations, research and understanding, and risk-taking ability. A pricing strategy takes into account segments, ability to pay, market conditions, competitor actions, trade margins and input costs, amongst others. It is targeted at the defined customers and against competitors. Penetration Pricing – Penetration pricing refers to a marketing strategy used by businesses to attract customers to a new product or service. Penetration pricing is the practice of offering a low price for a new product or service during its initial offering in order to lure customers away from competitors. Penetration pricing is most commonly associated with a marketing objective of increasing market share or sales volume. In the short term, penetration pricing is likely to result in lower profits than would be the case if the price were set higher. Skimming Pricing – Price skimming is a pricing strategy in which a marketer sets a relatively high initial price for a product or service at first, then lowers the price over time. It is a temporal version of price discrimination/yield management. Competitive Pricing – Competitive pricing is setting the price of a product or service based on what the competition is charging. This pricing method is used more often by businesses selling similar products since services can vary from business to business, while the attributes of a product remain similar. This type of pricing strategy is generally used once a price for a product or service has reached a level of equilibrium, which occurs when a product has been on the market for a long time and there are many substitutes for the product. Cost plus Pricing – Cost-plus pricing, also called markup pricing or markup pricing is the practice by a company of determining the cost of their product to them and then adding a percentage on top of that price to determine the selling price to the customer. Cost-plus pricing is a very simple cost-based pricing strategy for setting the prices of goods and services. The amount of money charged for a product or service, or the sum of the values that Consumers exchange for the benefits of having or using the product or services. As price gives us the profit so this P is very important for a business price of the product should be that which gives maximum benefit to the company and which gives maximum satisfaction to the customer. For Coca-Cola, there are many factors that they kept in mind while determining the pricing strategy. Firstly, the price should be set according to the product demand of public because it is of what which gives the company maximum revenue. Price should also not be too low or too high then the price competitor is charging from otherwise nobody will buy their product. Another factor is that price must be keeping the view of your target market. The price of Coca-Cola, despite being the market leader is the same as that of its competitors, sometimes, Pepsi places its customers into some psychological pricing strategies by reducing a high priced bottle and consumers think that they save a lot of money from this. Place – In the marketing mix, the process of moving products from the producer to the intended user is called the place. In other words, it is how your product is bought and where it is bought. This movement could be through a combination of intermediaries such as distributors, wholesalers, and retailers. In addition, a newer method is the internet which itself is a marketplace now. Through the use of the right place, a company can increase sales and maintain these over a longer period of time. In turn, this would mean a greater share of the market and increased revenues and profits. Correct placement is a vital activity that is focused on reaching the right target audience at the right time. Distribution Channels – Channels are broken into direct and indirect forms, with a \direct\ channel allowing the consumer to buy the good from the manufacturer, and a \indirect\ channel allowing the consumer to buy the good from a wholesaler or retailer. A distribution channel is a chain of businesses or intermediaries through which a good or service passes until it reaches the end consumer. It can include wholesalers, retailers, distributors and even the internet itself. Retailers – A retailer is a person or business that sells goods to the public in relatively small quantities for use or consumption rather than for resale. Retail distribution is the most traditional form of the distribution channel. The common model includes the manufacturer using an intermediary such as a wholesaler or distributor to deliver products directly to retailers, then ultimately to the consumer.   Wholesalers – Manufacturers may also employ wholesale operations that purchase products from manufacturers at a deeply discounted price. The wholesaler often uses a distributor or other smaller wholesaler as an intermediary to deliver products in bulk to retailers, or it may offer products directly to retailers or consumers. The scope of the manufacturer relationship with the wholesaler can have varying effects on product delivery time and price. Coca-Cola is a global business that operates on a local scale, in every community where we do business. We are able to create global reach with local focus because of the strength of the Coca-Cola system, which comprises our Company and our nearly 250 bottling partners worldwide. The firms distribution system is one of the most well planned and executed compared to all other drinks of the same category. It has such an impact on consumers and is so successful that even wholesalers and distributors need the product for their business’ success. Coke’s position on consumer’s mind makes it essential to retailers and wholesalers. They have achieved their goal due to this high visibility, and to the availability of their products all over the world, even remote places. Promotion – There is much more to promotion than advertising. Businesses use various methods to gain publicity. Promotion refers to the methods used by a business to make customers aware of its product. Advertising is just one of the means a business can use to create publicity. For example, product promotion performed by a typical business might take the form of advertising the product in question via print or Internet ads, direct mail or e-mail letters, trade shows, telephone and personal sales calls, TV and radio ads, billboards, posters and flyers. Public relations – Public relations is the way organizations, companies and individuals communicate with the public and media. A PR specialist communicates with the target audience directly or indirectly through media with an aim to create and maintain a positive image and create a strong relationship with the audience. Examples include press releases, newsletters, public appearances, etc. as well as utilization of the World Wide Web. Sponsorship – advertising that seeks to establish a deeper association and integration between an advertiser and a publisher, often involving coordinated beyond-the-banner placements. Examples of sponsorships vary widely, as the whole point is to establish a unique advertising opportunity than afforded by typical rotating advertisements. They may include several fixed ad placements, advertorials, co-branded content sections, or anything the advertiser and publisher can agree on. Social and or other Media – The emergence of Internet-based social media has made it possible for one person to communicate with hundreds or even thousands of other people about products and the companies that provide them. The impact of consumer-to-consumer communications has been greatly magnified in the marketplace. The first role of social media is reliable with the use of traditional integrated marketing Communication tools. That is, companies can use social media to talk to their customers through such platforms as blogs, as well as Facebook groups. These media may either be the company- sponsored or sponsored by other individuals or organizations. The second promotion-related role of social media is unique: customers can use it to communicate with one another. Guerrilla marketing – The goal of guerrilla marketing was to use unconventional tactics to advertise on a small budget. It is an advertisement strategy concept designed for businesses to promote their products or services in an unconventional way with little budget to spend. This involves high energy and imagination focusing on grasping the attention of the public in more personal and memorable level. The term guerrilla marketing was inspired by guerrilla warfare which is a form of irregular warfare and relates to the small tactic strategies used by armed civilians. Many of these tactics include ambushes, sabotage, raids and elements of surprise. Much like guerrilla warfare, guerrilla marketing uses the same sort of tactics in the marketing industry. Personal selling – Personal selling is the process of communicating with a potential buyer face-to-face with the purpose of selling a product or service. Personal selling is one part of a company\s promotion mix, along with advertising, sales promotion, and public relations. It is a strategy that salespeople use to convince customers to purchase a product. The salesperson uses a personalized approach, tailored to meet the individual needs of the customer, to demonstrate the ways that the product will benefit the company. Product placement – An advertising technique used by companies to subtly promote their products through a non-traditional advertising technique, usually through appearances in film, television, or other media. Product placements are often initiated through an agreement between a product manufacturer and the media company in which the media company receives an economic benefit. A company will often pay a fee to have their product used, displayed, or significantly featured in a movie or show. For example, Coca-Cola could pay a given fee to have the title character drinking a Coke, instead of a Pepsi beverage. Digital Marketing – The promotion of products or brands via one or more forms of electronic media. For example, advertising mediums that might be used as part of the digital marketing strategy of a business could include promotional efforts made via the Internet, social media, mobile phones and electronic billboards, as well as via digital and television and radio channels. Corporate image – Similar to a firm\s reputation or goodwill, it is the public perception of the firm rather than a reflection of its actual state or position. Unlike corporate identity, it is fluid and can change overnight from positive to negative to neutral. Large firms use various corporate advertising techniques to enhance their image in order to improve their desirability as a supplier, employer, customer or the borrower.

Feminist Movement :: essays research papers fc

It was in the mid-1800s when the first signs of the feminist movement came about. In 1861, a man named John Stuart Mill wrote The Subjection of Women, which was said to have spawned the ideology of the Women’s Rights Movement (Ryan 11). He discussed the role of women is society during that time, pointing out how the patriarchy placed such an intense limit on what women could do. Patriarchy is the system in which the male race governs societal views, and this practice has been in existence since the dawn of time. This work raised the consciousness of many women, but the first hints of an organized movement did not come about until the approach of the twentieth century. It has been said the Black Abolition Movement was the encouragement that women needed to go after what they believed in (Ryan 10). In 1898 came the beginnings of Women’s Suffrage, which was the movement intended to allow women the right to vote. During this time, over 500 separate campaigns were launched with the goal of attaining this right. Females such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony spoke all over the country on women’s rights and suffrage, gaining many supporters along the way (Ryan 9). The National American Women’s Suffrage Association (NAWSA) was soon formed, and Stanton was its first president. She helped to begin extensive mobilizing efforts and put a strong foot forward in the suffrage movement (Ryan 22). When the Nineteenth Amendment was passed, women nationwide rejoiced at their accomplishment with the feeling that they had made a difference, and their feeling of inferiority had subsided. Works Cited Bardon, Edward J. The Sexual Arena and Women’s Liberation. Chicago: Nelson Hall, 1978.

Socialism and Capitalism

Difference Between Socialism and Liberalism †¢ Categorized under Ideology,Politics | Difference Between Socialism and Liberalism Socialism vs Liberalism The terms ‘socialism’ and liberalism’ are used a lot nowadays, and many people often mistake one for the other. In order to differentiate between these two terms, one must keep in mind the clear-cut differences by defining the prevailing ideology of each term. The tenets of socialism assert that the state should wield total economic power by manipulating prices of goods and wages of workers.Furthermore, socialism requires people to submit to the rule of law. In return for their compliance, citizens are provided with resources rationed by the government. On the other hand, liberalism is more challenging to define since it is further divided into classical and modern liberalism. Classical liberalism states that the government should take control of an institution in order to ensure that it continues to be of se rvice to the people, free of charge. Classical liberalism does not see any need for the government to enforce law and order and subjugate its citizens under the iron rule of law and order.However, modern liberalism veers away from this ideology by adding a new twist. Modern liberalism asserts that aside from ensuring economic and political security, it is also the government’s job to interfere with people’s day-to-day affairs in order to maintain social security. Modern liberalism, in effect, can be compared to socialism, because both of them assert that the government can effectively uplift its citizens not only by seizing control of the economy or private institutions, but also by keeping a close watch on citizens to ensure that none of them become subversive.Many modern-day politicians have been supporting modern liberalism because they believe that the government can solve all problems once it is granted total power. These politicians point out the inequality of di fferent classes in society, and propose reforms that at first seem to favor the poor and marginalized, but in the end just grants the government reason to extend its powers to curtail private interests. And even though liberals seem to advocate reforms to improve government policy, they are still embracing the same old political structure to further their own ambitions.The late U. S. President Franklin Roosevelt himself defined liberalism as the ‘saving grace for the far-sighted conservative,’ and also ‘reform what you want to preserve. ’ Capitalists and supporters of democracy believe that socialism and modern liberalism are detrimental to economic progress. Because prices of goods and wage of workers is controlled directly by the government, privately-owned companies and institutions cannot flourish under a socialist or modern liberalist government.People who value freedom of speech and human rights likewise oppose socialism and modern liberalism, because they believe that such ideologies limit a citizen’s right to choose which products to buy, what job to take, what religious belief to espouse. Even though modern liberalism is more subtle and suave than socialism, it still ends up giving too much power to the government in the guise of economic, political, and social security. Summary 1. Socialism says that only by granting the state total economic and political power can economic progress and equality among citizens be attained. . Classical liberalism says that the state should only take over an institution to ensure that citizens can freely benefit from that particular institution’s services. Classical liberalism does not require the thorough enforcing of law and order to reach economic progress and equality. 3. Modern liberalism says that the state should interfere not only in economic or political affairs, but also in social affairs, such as day-to-day activities of its citizens. In effect, modern liberalism cease s to be associated with classical liberalism, and instead becomes similar to socialism.

Lief Liddy

Dear Hiring Manager: My experience as in signal analysis and several other specific forms on intelligence gathering while serving as a liaison between the U.S. Army and the Royal Air Force are simply the beginning of the reasons why I am the perfect candidate for the Intelligence analyst position you are currently advertising. I saw among the qualifications you are seeking is the ability to obtain a Top Secret/SCI with Lifestyle Polygraph security clearance. Why waste the company’s money obtaining that clearance for someone else when I currently possess Top Secret/SCI with CI polygraph clearance?   I have spent the past five years conducting signals intelligence analysis on foreign soil and reporting my findings to high-ranking officials in several governments. My duties have also included assuring that my team maintains compliance and security standards including supervised drug tests. In addition to my on-the-job training that makes me a prime candidate for your position, I am currently a third-year student at the University of Maryland pursuing a bachelor of science in computer and information science. The combined field knowledge and technical training make me ideal for the position. As an added benefit, I have worked in the field for which we will be designing products, giving you the advantage of my first-hand experience. I look forward to the chance to meet with you and discuss how my skills can benefit your company. Thank you for taking the time to review my credentials. The best way to contact me is via email at [email  protected] or [email  protected] Sincerely, Sgt. Lief Liddy U.S. Army

Collins Last Name Meaning and Origin

Collins Last Name Meaning and Origin The Collins  surname has a number of different possible origins: In England, the name may have originated as a double diminutive of Nicholas, or as a patronymic surname meaning son of Colin, a short form of Nicholas. The given name Nicholas means victory of the people, from the  Greek ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ºÃŽ · (nike), meaning victory and ÃŽ »ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€š (laos), meaning people.In Ireland, a name derived from cuilein, meaning darling, a term of endearment applied to young animals.  The medieval Gaelic surname was Ua Cuilà ©in, most often seen today as  Ãƒâ€œ Coilein.As a Welsh surname, Collins may derive from collen, signifying a hazel grove.The French name  Colline, meaning hill, is another possible origin of the Collins surname. Collins is the 52nd most popular surname in the United States, the 57th most common English surname, and the 30th most common surname in Ireland. Alternate Surname Spellings:  Collin, Colling, Collings, Coling, Collen, Collens, Collis, Coliss, Coleson Where Do People With the Collins Surname Live? People with the Collins surname are most prevalent in Ireland, especially the southwestern counties of Cork, Limerick, and Clare, according to WorldNames Public Profiler. The name is also extremely common in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Forebears surname distribution data has the name pegged as very common in Ireland, Liberia, Australia, the United States, and England. Within Ireland, Collins ranks as the 9th most popular surname in County Cork, 11th in Limerick and 13th in Clare. Famous People With the Last Name Collins Phil Collins - English singer, songwriter and musician.Michael Collins - American astronaut, part of the Apollo 11 mission that first landed on the moon.Michael Collins -  The hero of the Irish struggle for independence.Patricia Hill Collins - American feminist sociologist (Collins is her married name).Marva Collins - American educator and civil rights activist (Collins is her married name).Joan Collins  - English actress, best known for her role in the television drama,  Dynasty.Suzanne Collins  - Author of the popular book trilogy,  The Hunger Games.Anthony Collins - English philosopher.Arthur Collins - English genealogist and historian. Genealogy Resources for the Surname Collins Over 320 group members belong to the Collins DNA surname project, working together to combine DNA testing with traditional genealogy research to sort out Collins ancestral lines. Includes individuals with Collins, Collings, and similar surname variants. Contrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Collins family crest or coat of arms for the Collins surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.   Check out the Collins family genealogy forum at Genealogy.com, the popular genealogy forum for the Collins surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or use it post your own Collins query. Use FamilySearch.org to access over 8 million free historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Collins surname and its variations on this free genealogy website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.RootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Collins surname. You can also browse or search the list archives to explore over a decade of postings for the Collins surname. Explore DistantCousin.com, which hosts free databases and genealogy links for the last name Collins. The Collins page at GenealogyToday.com allows you to browse family trees and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the last name Collins around the world. References Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Bergenfield, NJ: Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia.  Bergenfield, NJ:  Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. Hoffman, William F. Polish Surnames: Origins and Meanings.  Chicago:  Polish Genealogical Society, 1993. Rymut, Kazimierz. Nazwiska Polakow.  Wroclaw: Zaklad Narodowy im. Ossolinskich - Wydawnictwo, 1991. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

SUNY Albany Admissions Data and Acceptance Rate

SUNY Albany Admissions Data and Acceptance Rate With an acceptance rate of 54 percent in 2016, SUNY Albany is a moderately selective public university. Most students who are admitted have both grades and standardized test scores that are at least a little above average. Since Albany practices holistic admissions, the university also looks for students with meaningful extracurricular activities, volunteer experience, and strong writing skills. The school accepts both SAT and ACT scores, with the majority of students submitting scores from the SAT. To see how you measure up at SUNY Albany, you can  calculate your chances of getting in with this free tool from Cappex. Admissions Data (2016) SUNY Albany Acceptance Rate: 54  percentGPA, SAT and ACT graph for SUNY AlbanyTest Scores 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 490 / 580SAT Math: 500 / 590What these SAT numbers meanAmerica East Conference SAT score comparisonSUNY SAT score comparison chartACT Composite: 22 / 26What these ACT numbers meanAmerica East Conference ACT score comparisonSUNY ACT score comparison chart SUNY Albany Description Located in the capital of New York State and founded in 1844, SUNY Albany has a rich history and strategic location. It is also one of the top research universities in the states system of higher education. The university offers over 100 majors and minors, and over 300 study abroad programs through the SUNY network. For its strengths in the liberal arts and sciences, SUNY Albany was awarded a chapter of  Phi Beta Kappa. The universitys academic programs are supported by an 18 to 1 student / faculty ratio.  In athletics, most SUNY Albany teams compete in the NCAA Division I  America East Conference. Football competes in the Division I Football Championship Subdivision Northeast Conference. Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 17,373  (13,139 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 51 percent male / 49 percent female95 percent full-time Costs (2016-17) Tuition and Fees: $9,223  (in-state); $24,303 (out-of-state)Books: $1,200 (why so much?)Room and Board: $12,942Other Expenses: $1,745Total Cost: $25,110  (in-state); $40,190 (out-of-state) SUNY Albany Financial Aid (2015 -16) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 81  percentPercentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 64  percentLoans: 63  percentAverage Amount of AidGrants: $9,147Loans: $7,289 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors:  Accounting, Biology, Business Administration, Economics, English Language, History, Interdisciplinary Studies, Political Science, Psychology, Sociology, Speech and Rhetorical StudiesWhat major is right for you?  Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Graduation, Retention and Transfer Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 84  percentTransfer Out Rate: 27  percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 56  percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 66  percent Learn About Other SUNY Campuses: Albany | Alfred State |  Binghamton | Brockport | Buffalo | Buffalo State | Cobleskill |  Cortland | Env. Science/Forestry | Farmingdale | FIT |  Fredonia | Geneseo | Maritime | Morrisville |  New Paltz | Old Westbury | Oneonta | Oswego | Plattsburgh | Polytechnic |  Potsdam | Purchase | Stony Brook Intercollegiate Athletic Programs Mens Sports:  Football, Track and Field, Cross Country, Baseball, Basketball, Soccer, LacrosseWomens Sports:  Soccer, Tennis, Volleyball, Golf, Field Hockey, Basketball, Softball, Lacrosse SUNY Albany and the Common Application SUNY Albany uses the Common Application. These articles can help guide you: Common Application essay tips and samplesShort answer tips and samples Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics

Islamic Women in the Socio-Political World Case Study

Islamic Women in the Socio-Political World - Case Study Example As the report stresses the society covered by the virtues and rules of Islamic religion can be observed and be seen to have a patriarchal form where male dominates the female. This is where we get to see the real and the original role of women in the Islamic society. This paper discusses that part of the teachings of the Q’uran is for women to be submissive to their husbands especially after marriage. It is also said that a woman has no right to talk with other male other than her husband or close relatives. Going over what is mandated and what is expected for women to do is against the Q’uran. However, this kind of belief and practices no matter how oppressive as seen by many feminists and critics continue to spread and obviously still being practiced to places where Islam resides. But going deeper to the subject of women’s oppressive role in the Islamic society, there can be no doubt that women for their part somehow influence male as they make decisions that affect political and economical status. It is interesting to know that the fact that they are submissive to their husbands, they can still affect these decisions, even if they are out of power. Power and influence the book The Heritage of Islam claims are not the same or co-terminous. The quoted line above gives us an inkling that women are significant in the society not because we are arguing about existence but because the effect of women’s influence to male’s decision-making that most of the times is indirectly done and indirectly observed. This situation has long been observed by women and therefore in answer to this need or rather call for change, they have also decided to take part in the different challenges that male have been facing since time immemorial. In the same book by Creevey, it can be understood that with the search for bigger roles in the society, this in now the very famous words we call 'women empowerment.' The goal of this paper is not merely to check what empowerment of women means, or what the process is. This is just however to simply reiterate the events and factors that affected Islamic women to come out of their shells being oppressed masked by the role of a wife to their husbands. The Heritage of women somehow gives us a glimpse of this abrupt change in the status and giving the Western African as an example, we could see how women tried to rise from the simple roles of just being a wife. Nowhere in West Africa do women control the political structures or dominate the political process. In all West African countries they are permitted to

Homosexuality- Same sex child adoption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Homosexuality- Same sex child adoption - Essay Example Homosexuals consider it their right to live with the partner of their choice according to their will. But on the other hand, their choice is met with much criticism by religious and social groups who consider this aspect of human nature to be unethical. Homosexuals consider it their right to lead normal lives like other couples and they wish to opt for the completion of their family by adoption. But this issue is also criticized because it is argued that the homosexual parents will not be able to cater the needs of the children and will lay a negative impact on them. The subject of adoption by homosexual groups has been a challenge but these same sex couples have fought for the legalization of their rights and consider a stop on this adoption as an encroachment on their civil liberties and personal lives. The number of children who are being raised in homosexual families has increased to a great level and it has been reported that approximately 270,000 children are living with homosexual parents. There are many methods that are employed by the homosexuals for the purpose of raising children. They opt for methodologies which include artificial insemination for lesbian mothers, surrogate mothers for gay couples or adoption. It is not an easy option for them as it is for heterosexuals owing to the arrangements that they need to make before the process of adoption. Furthermore, they have to go through legal proceedings which also do not guarantee of the fact that whether they would be allowed to adopt the child or not (National Center for Lesbian Rights (U.S.). 2004; Perrin 2002). The raising of children by homosexuals is an issue of stereotyping. A woman in the United Kingdom who had to lose custody of her children owing to her addiction was shocked when she heard that her children were being adopted by gays. The grandparents of the children as well as other relatives were not very happy with this decision. They

Cold war Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cold war - Essay Example This paper will address the cold war topic into details. The cold war was the tension that existed between the Western and Eastern blocs. After, the end of World War II, an English journalist named George Orwell used the term cold war in his essay (Lewis, 2006). As stated above, the cold war was led by the United States, its NATO partners and the Soviet Union together with its satellite associates. Some of the Soviet Republics included Poland, Latvia, Estonia, Eastern Finland, Lithuania and Eastern Romania. These territories were liberated and were transformed into satellite states (Leffler, 2008). The United States was the Western bloc (Western world) while the Soviet Union was known as the Eastern bloc (also communist world) (Tyull & Enright, 2011). The war commenced after the triumph of their wartime coalition against Nazi Germany. This success factor triggered political and economic differences among these two superpowers. The main wary factor in the war period was the introducti on of weapons of mass destruction. Before the war had commenced, the two superpowers fought together as friends during World War II, since; they had one enemy in common (Arne, 2007). The reason behind the naming of the war originates from the fact that the war did not involve direct military action because both sides were in possession of nuclear weapons. This war was caused by several issues. Some of the prevalent issues include Truman’s dislike of Stalin, Russia’s loathe of capitalism, secrets in nuclear power, fear of attack by the United States, need to secure the western border and the aim of spreading communism in the world (Brown, 2011). These among other factors are some of the main causes that led to the rise of the cold war. However, this rivalry was presented through espionage, aid to client countries, rivalry at sport competitions, massive propaganda campaigns, technological contests, military federations and making pleas to neutral nations. One of the most evident expressions of the conflict is the Space Race which was related to technological improvement. These were some of the proxy wars that the Soviet Union fought with the United States (Leffler, 2008). Additionally, both parties sought for a detente so as to relieve the military and political tensions (Arne, 2007). However, in the 1980s, the Western bloc increased their military, economic and diplomatic pressures. This was the period when the Soviet Union faced economic stagnation. According to researchers, the cold war was the first-ever war between the social and economic systems (Tyull & Enright, 2011). In this period, the prime minister of Britain, Winston Churchill felt that the Soviet leader; Joseph Stalin was quite untrustworthy. Stalin was viewed as distrustful after Truman informed him of a new weapon that he was to use against the Japanese. In addition, Stalin knew about the weapon’s power after reports of Hiroshima went back to Moscow. He also asserted that Wor ld War II was an inevitable case of capital imperialism and that the implications of the war reoccurring were exceptionally high. The Soviet Union had a vast army known as the Red Army that was headed by the Zhukov while the United States region were in possession of the atomic bomb which was recognized as the most destructive weapon of mass destruction in the world (Tyull & Enright, 2011). Patton who was one of the leading generals in the Western bloc recommended that the

Environmental Factors Affecting The Operations Management Commerce Essay

Environmental Factors Affecting The Operations Management Commerce Essay Increase emphasis is going towards reduce waste, recycle and reuse product parts. Societies and communities have stressed the need on enteritis whereby controls over waste disposals, global warming and other environmental issues are highly expected. Meeting Environmental quality standards are one of the key main aspects played by operations management The significance of this issue is demon- started by a set of standards termed ISO 14000. Developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), these standards provide guidelines and a cortication program documenting a companys environmentally responsible actions. Key environmental factors basically affecting operations management can be identifiable as MICRO and MACRO environmental aspects as: MICRO Labor inefficiency Organizational structure Organizational culture MACRO Technology Innovation Market/customers Economic conditions Governmental issues and regulations As far as the Alton Ltd is concerned one of the key environmental aspect can be indicated to be the change in economic environment of UK where the purchasing power of the people goes Down then adverse impacts could be expected. As a result visitors may demand even lower prices than 19 pounds per head having in mind the 2o million pound investments made to improve activities in the park. As a precautionary measure Alton can enter into a hedging deal if the economic conditions expected to be unacceptable. Higher labor cost would be another environmental fact that can bring down the profit margin if the company has no proper control over the number of employees assigned irrespective of peak or off peak. Different perception of work measurement( As far as work measurement is concerned it is a process of establishing the precise time duration that would be efficiently taken by a qualified worker at a designated degree of performance. In the view of work measurement there are number of techniques have been set up to full fill the purpose. Regardless of whatever the technique in use the basis consists of three phases an psychotherapy phase in which the job is spited into convenient, isolated components, commonly known as elements; a measurement phase in which the specific measurement technique is used to ascertain the time required (by a qualified worker working at a defined level of performance) to complete each element of work; a amalgamation phase in which the various elemental times are added, together with appropriate allowances (see below), to construct the standard time for the complete job. The techniques used to measure work can be classified into those that depend on direct observation of work, and those that do not. For example, some techniques, such as pre determined motion systems and the use of synthetic or standard data can provide times from simulation or even visualization of the work. However, the data on which such techniques are based were almost certainly based on earlier observation of actual work. Choosing a measurement technique The choice of a suitable measurement technique depends on a number of factors including: the purpose of the measurement; the level of detail required; the time available for the measurement; the existence of available predetermined data; The cost of measurement. It can be said that there is a tradeoff between some of these critical factors. For example techniques which derive times rapidly may result in relatively less suitable for some processes. Some purposes, such as the establishment of individual performance levels on short-cycle work. The main advantage of structured and systematic work measurement is that it enables a common platform for appraising and comparison of all types of work. The results obtained from work measurement are commonly used as the basis of the planning and scheduling of work, manpower planning, work balancing in team working, costing, labor performance measurement, and financial incentives. They are less commonly used as the basis of product design, methods comparison, work sequencing and workplace design. 2 Task two Various Operation strategies adopted by Tesco Ltd According to the given scenario (scenario 2) Tesco is a leading giant with its core strategic business unit being chain of super markets having its presence in overseas as well. Number of operational strategies can be quoted in the given scenario which is attributable to strategic, tactical and operational levels. According to Tesco with its reputation to value as a strategic measure it has launched a web page that facilitated non food items as well as financial services As per the tactical aspect Tesco has introduced different formats for shopping accompanied by It assisted improved customer relations that will affect long term sustainability of the entity Through operations management Tesco will be in a position to maintain its critical success factors like Own Brand image and tightened supplier relations that gains cost advantage, in turn will add value to its short, intermediate and long term decisions in a more favorable manner. For an example, given the fact its sales growth reads around 21.9%. Cost allocations, budget preparations and controlling distributions to high sale segments and assigning employees to appropriate outlets can be strategically determined through effective and efficient operations management. Strategic importance of operations management in the decision making process 3 Task three When it comes to designing of a product or services number of factors will affect the process such as Customer expectation Threat of substitutability Product or service viability Restrictions from government and various social organizations Access to raw materials and effect on the existing product portfolio. Conversely, if the designing stage can be implemented successfully then the company would end up with high earning potentials that will also contribute to stakeholder wealth maximization. Long term sustainability may also be foothold on that particular new designed product enabling newly emerged markets etc.. 4 Task four Capacity planning and control is an issue which is faced by almost every process in a given organization. Furthermore it can affect directly to the efficiency and effectiveness of the operation. Capacity planning and control is concerned with making sure there is some level of balance between demand placed on an operation and its ability to fulfill the demand. If an operation has too much capacity at any point in time it will be underutilizing it resources, paying out for machinery and facilities and often paying its staff but, because demand is lower than capacity, its costs are spread over two few customers. As a result the cost per customer will be very high. If it has too little capacity, its costs will be low (because its facilities will be fully utilized)however its capacity will be very poor as it is either turning customer away or making them wait for their product s or services. In light of this, it will undermine the companys success towards the future. Therefore there are serious consequences of getting the balance between demand and capacity wrong. Tesco can gain cost benefits with more appropriate allocation of supermarket space for fast moving items and also allocating employees at correct capacity without inputting more labor nor inputs that will lead to diminishing returns. Decisions are aimed at providing the total amount of capacity at the right place at the precise time. There are number of factors to be looked into before arriving at its final decision on where to establish, but the ideal locations are where the costs are at lowest. When it comes to the long term view capacity planning is largely determined by the size of the facilities provided. Like availability of a trained workforce, staffing levels in terms of market demand and need to make the stable workforce, number of people in operations, cost of land and premises. In the short course available capacity must be allocated for the relevant task by scheduling the number of people. Equipment etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Inventory planning and control systems Inventory control system is a process for managing and locating objects or materials. In common usage, the term may also refer to just the software components. Modern inventory control systems often rely upon barcodes and RFID tags to provide automatic identification of inventory objects. In an academic study performed at WALMART, RFID reduced Out of Stocks by 30 percent for products selling between 0.1 and 15 units a day. Inventory objects could include any kind of physical asset: merchandise, consumables, fixed assets, circulating tools, library books, or capital equipment. To record an inventory transaction, the system uses a BARCODE SCANNER or FRFID READER to automatically identify the inventory object, and then collects additional information from the operators via fixed terminals mobile computers Buffer inventory is required as: 1. Compensation for differences in the timing of supply and demand 2. Compensation for the uncertainties inherent in supply and demand 3. One or more stages in the operation cannot supply all the items it produces simultaneously 4. Material cannot be transported instantaneously between the point of supply and the point of demand (www.growingsmallbusiness.com) Today maintain inventory levels have become a tuff challenge. inventory not being managed would result in adverse manner where substantial expenses will incur.. Fortunately, there are management information systems that exist which use microcomputers and a variety of industry specific software. The cost of carrying inventory today has become a major expenditure and requires immediate attention. The benefits of inventory control far outweigh the costs. Any reduction in inventories, whether it is raw material, work-in-process, finished goods or supplies, can have a dramatic impact on your bottom line. Industry averages suggest that a 20 percent DETERIORATION in inventory is achievable with a computerized inventory control system. For a entity with a yearly sales volume of $1 million, such a reduction would result in savings of $14,400 per annum and would free up $48,000 of new dollars for reinvestment. For a entity with a yearly sales volume of $10 million, the figures are proportionately higher: $144,000 per year in savings and $480,000 in new dollars for reinvestment. 5 Task five Operations strategies that can be used for Tesco Basically retail industry involve in the business of sale of new or used goods to the end consumer for personal or household consumption purposes. Since the cut-throat competition is becoming tougher in retail space with increasingly growing supply and demand. In order to continuously improve on the processes and leverage on the core competencies, in the case of TESCO (OWN BRAND NAME AND ECONOMIES OF SCALE) there is a need for a foundation that provides accurate information wherever whenever require. This brings the need for the strategic management of supplies and inventory as far as retail industry is concerned. To change an in-store paper based environment of registering sales in retail shops to an online shopping environment, there is a need for integration would arise in order to enhance customer satisfaction, increase productivity and liberate sales from registering chores and extend market beyond traditional bounds. To sustain and over grow in the market place enriching category, item planning, streamlining product introductions and other business strategies alone will not be sufficient, nevertheless to improve the customer experience and further differentiate the brand real time visibility to sales and order status, in store kiosks, and service desk encasements and strategic technologies to track inventory have become the call. New efficiency I managing the stocks and collaborative forecasting and replenishment help ensure the product customers want are readily available on store shelves. For a leading retailer like Tesco inventory lying would be of great use since it holds on to substantial inventory levels that are associated with higher stock holding costs. Nevertheless risk of inventories being destroyed is also there resulting In disastrous effects. In contrast Tesco and Alton towers ltd are two extreme entities catering to different industries where Tesco is more physical assets and labor oriented whereas Alton is more or less into services.. In comparison both the entities have to have better control mechanism with efficient control over labor, resource management etc Project management and quality control Project Managers take decisions in planning and monitoring tasks and resources, control cost and budgets and identify and resolve issues associated with the project. To be successful the operation management should undertake the range of competing requirements for resources. The project managers must retain all levels of operation management by monitoring current projects in an aggregate form. They can provide the operation management tools and expertise to make informed decisions that improve the organization as a whole. Without a single point of project planning and control, decisions such as resource assignments and issue reorganization that are not effective. For an organization to accomplish project management successfully, they must organize the track for resource allocations throughout the organization. Compare and contrast between retail and service operations in the view of Tesco and Alton Ltd As far as the two entities are concerned Tesco would emphasize more on its product, distribution channels as well as employees working under the company. On top of that Tesco is currently maintaining strategic business units such as Tele communication, groceries, non food items and provision of financial services could be segregated from Alton Ltd which has one strategic business units operated in as a hotel and concerned on solely on providing customer friendly services in its theme park. In a broader scale Tesco with its chain of super markets operated in different geographical areas where activities would be concentrated based on its various economic factors, cultures etc nevertheless. Of its critical success factors namely brands, lower prices being maintained, and local approach for advertising and marketing will have to be maintained in order to operate at current capacity as well as future growth potential. CONCLUSION Concerning the facts included in the aforementioned report it can be concluded that Alton Ltd has future potential of having a steady growth in to the future whilst Tesco seems to be struggling to remain in Monopoly status through effective and efficient .operations management. On top of that it would be more appropriate Alton Ltd could further allocate the theme park separately for a certain age group and train the workers to undertake any jobs specialized to that particular area (area allocated to specific age group)also multi task capable workers would improve the efficiencies in the operations inside the park in a instance of absence of employee for a major task. Tesco will be required to minimize the regulation pressure currently confronted with and improve in customer base through innovative thinking such as launch of Tesco.com and maintaining better customer relations, Since Tesco is equipped with few strategic business units, its corporate level strategies are bound with these business units which will enable the company to evolve if the cooperate and business strategies are achieved through its effective operation management Better relationship with suppliers would enable Tesco to maintain economies of scale in an inflationary situation over its other key competitors. REFERANCES: (www.gorecroot.com) www.ims-productivity.com) www.ims-productivity.com

John Steinbeck :: essays research papers fc

In the nineteen-thirties John Steinbeck rose to a literary prominence. This was a period of time when economical and political crisis had tended to obscure the direction and the value of his work. Steinbeck from the very beginning of his career regarded all causes and all solutions, with both detachment and skepticism. Steinbeck's reviewers were troubled with this detachment, because most other intellectuals had shifted from political alienation to political commitment (Unger 50). Steinbeck was fascinated with the human drama, people that were on the lowest part of the economical chain seemed to interest him. However Steinbeck refused to take part in anything, he did want anything to do with Politics, Steinbeck avoided publicity and his refusal to play a literary role. He made him self as unpopular writer so he never got any serious attention (Unger 52). By this time his work was becoming enormously popular, but as a result of him not taking part in anything his work was often misunderstood. Most literary commentators sharply criticized Steinbeck for dialectical inconsistencies. The readers really failed to understand that he had no fixed dialect. His views were based upon mythic and biological archetypes. Steinbeck always looked for material that might serve as a metaphor for universal rather than particular truth. Steinbeck set his self apart from the Naturalist from the turn of the century and Marxist-orientated writers of the 1930's, because he said that moral choice is a man's proper environment. A moral universe is want set him apart from the rest of nature (Gale 3372). The major books of John Steinbeck are easy reading, but to really understand them you have to have the willingness and ability to work through the most obvious level. Steinbeck uses statements of human truth which goes far beyond the actions themselves, this method is symbolic. This method means that the story can be extremely limited but it triggers chain reactions pointing to universal truth (Gale 3381). Steinbeck uses a wide variety of symbolic and linguistic instruments so he could get the full reality that he wants to communicate with.

Archetypes in Apollo and Daphne

Every single person goes through changes that are either positive and/or negative in their lives. Changes in life come for many reasons and the metamorphosis archetype give the tools for explaining these changes. In the story â€Å"Apollo and Daphne† a Greek myth translated by Role Humphreys, the reader can Identify the changes that can be explained by the metamorphosis archetype.The metamorphosis archetype â€Å"Is a two-way street'; the change can be positive and/ or negative† (class notes). When Cupid shoots his arrows at Apollo and Daphne they both have a change of heart about love, â€Å"at once he loved and she at once fled from the name of lover† (178). While Apollo now loves and wants to be married, Daphne runs away from the thought of love. The changes seen In these characters can be viewed both positive and negative for each. Apollo changes from being a tough warrior to someone with a kind and loving heart.However this change can also be viewed negative ly, in the sense that his newfound love for Daphne is his only priority. Daphne on the other hand changes into someone who is incapable of love. This incapability drives her to run away from love itself, which is a negative change. â€Å"Metamorphosis stories defy the long list of human limitations; they allow humans to do and be things thought impossible† (class notes). In the story the character Daphne is not able to love and Apollo can only think about love due to Cupid's arrow.Once Apollo laid his eyes upon Daphne he was instantly in love. His love drove him to infers his feeling towards her, which caused Daphne to feel frightened and run away from the scene. While running away in fear Daphne asks the river to â€Å"change and destroy the body' (108). This resulted in Daphne turning into a tree â€Å"her hair was leaves, her arms were branches, and her speedy feet rooted and held† (181). A human asking for help from a river and turning into a tree is impossible bu t in a metamorphosis stories the impossible is defied. Many metamorphoses are actually either rewards or punishments† (class notes). At the beginning of the story we see the character Apollo as someone who Is a strong warrior when he says, â€Å"the bow Is for my shoulders; I never fall In wounding beasts or mortals† (1 78), to Cupid. Apollo also says to Cupid â€Å"the torch, my boy, Is enough for you to play with† (178). Apollo Is telling Cupid that unlike him he Is not old or strong enough to use the bow an arrow. Cupid responds to this by telling Apollo, â€Å"your bow shoots everything-maybe-but mine will fix you† (178).At this point Cupid Is fed up tit Apollo and decides to give him a punishment. He shoots Apollo with an arrow that makes him fall In love with Daphne. He also decides to shoot an arrow at Daphne, which causes her to avoid love at all costs. Apollo at this point is chasing someone who he will never have as his punishment. The story â₠¬Å"Apollo and Daphne† has many changes that can be analyzed with the shows the characteristics of changes that the metamorphosis archetype views. There is change all around us and it is something that cannot be avoided.

Evaluate a Significant Experience, Achievement, Risk You Have Taken, or Ethical Dilemma You Have Faced and Its Impact on You.

â€Å"Time is money†, a truth touted by all. Parents remind their kids of it, teachers preach to their students about it, society reinforces it with wages being paid by the hour; everything we do, every purpose we have, every goal we strive for, every moments we live by, it is what all for. So simply, that we are told thousands of times. But do we believe it live we believe the existence of life itself? Can we see it as we see everything crystal clear around ourselves?It was not too long ago that I went to an optometrist to have my eyes examined. I set aside the entire day, believing that I would leave the exam with dilated pupils and that like last time, I'd not be seeing properly for a solid three hours, three hours that I would never have returned to me. However, unbeknownst to me, in the time between my previous eye exams, a new machine had been developed. This machine called the Optomap Panoramic Retinal Imaging System, and on that day, it stood in the corner of a room an d hummed sonorously.Casting it aside as a non-contact tonometer, I sat down and instinctively braced myself for air puffing, bright lights and minor discomfort or in other words, an eye exam. Passing through the tests in mere minutes, the dreaded moment of pupil dilation was to rear its unwanted head in. However, much to my surprise, I was directed to the corner where the previously sonorous hum now bordered ominous. The doctor proceeded to ask if I would like to use the humming Optomap in lieu of pupil dilation.I asked apprehensively if this would be a simpler procedure and was given an enthusiastic nod in return. Against my better judgment, I allowed for the optometrist to take images of the retina through the Optomap. Amazingly, it was mere seconds per eye and my exam was finished. This machine which at first appeared almost ominous had saved me three hours of my time. I had been by some miracle, reunited with the three hours that I thought I would never be seeing. The feeling I had afterwards was nothing short of euphoria.On top of this feeling of elatedness because time is equivalent to money, by the application of the substitution property of equality it can also be said that this machine, the Optomap, saved me money as well. It was from that moment, I felt that every person and ever time consuming medical procedure could benefit from the effects of advanced technology made available by bridging the gap between the various principles of engineering to the world of medicine. It is this experience, a simple visit to the optometrist for an eye exam that I consider one of the most significant of my life.

Airbus Strategic Management

Airbus Strategic Management Introduction Airbus is an international aircraft manufacturing company with its head quarters situated in Blagnac, France. It is a subsidy of European Aeronautic Defense and Space Company N.V. (EADS) which owns 80% of the company and the remaining 20% is owned by BAE Systems plc (LSE: BA.).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Airbus Strategic Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company has three other operational bases in Europe situated in Germany, Spain and in the United Kingdom. The company has a pool of 57,000 workers distributed in sixteen branches and sub branches. In 2009 the company started construction of a branch in Tianjin (China); the branch is only producing minimal products and making repairs. It is estimated to be a full brown company by the year 2012. In its investments the company has subsidies and sub -subsidies to companies in United States, Japan, China, and India (McIntyre, 1982). Half o f the worlds airplanes are thought to have been made by the company. It’s credited for having made the world’s largest airplane A380 and the fly-by-wire airliner. The success of the company has been credited to technological advancement which has resulted in production of highly efficient airplanes. When the company was incorporated it was a consortium of European aviation. It later diverted to plane construction where it competes with companies like Boeing, McDonnell Douglas, and American Lockheed. All its major competitors are situated in United States of America. The company was established at the era where globalization had raised the need for air transport as countries trade increased. The decision to have an airplane manufacturing company was the decision that was considered by the governments of Germany, France, and United Kingdom in 1967. In 1970, the company started it operations with Groupement dInteret Economique  as the major supporter of the company fina ncially. The English name for the group is Economic Interest Group or GIE. The name Airbus was the common name for planes which were large in the period and thus the company adopted the name. The first aero plane by the company was called Airbus A300 (Airbus official website, 2010). This report is divided into three parts where the first part takes a look at strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the Airbus Company; the second part, looks at the external environment of the company and gauges the level of participation that the company have in the competitive industry. The third part will be recommendations on the measures that the company should implement to remain competitive. The first part will also have a section which analyses current trends in global airline industry.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Current position The company boasts being the world’s largest aero plane manufacturer and specializes in large planes. It has made the world’s largest aircraft. Among the competitors of the company are Boeing, McDonnell Douglas, and American Lockheed. To remain competitive, the company has ensured that it makes products which are responsive to people’s needs. There are different approaches that the company takes in its business. These include; Making planes on order The company takes orders from different companies, countries organizations and individuals to make different models. It gives customers the freedom to choose the level of technology that they want implemented, however the suggestions made by customers should be in line with the company’s policies. Making planes and having them in its show room for sale The company has a show room where it portrays its products for sale to its target market. It also acts as the place where the available technology and models are displayed to the custom ers. Undertaking various researches and testing these products The company maintains a research and development team which is mandated with the task of advising the company on the demands of the customers. They are the ones who are given the mandate of surveying the market and interpolating the competitor’s technology. There is a wave to low fuel consumption jets and planes which require modern technology; airline is aware of the changes in technology and it’s aligning its ways to the move. The company is making large planes to ensure that their customers enjoy from economies of scale. The jumbo planes are sold mostly to national airlines of different countries and small size planes target private airline companies and individuals who buy planes. Some military forces from different countries contract the company for planes for various purposes. When this is the case there is collaboration between engineers from the military and the company. They then aim to make plan es which are responsive to the needs of the force. When making war planes, specifications and controls that are required in the planes are made in consultation with concerned parties.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Airbus Strategic Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some technology adopted by the company is a â€Å"first† in the industry and thus it calls the operators of the planes and the company to join hands and offer training services. In the effort to remain competitive the company borrows from other companies and improve the technology. The move to venture in China was seen as a strategy to tap Chinese high technology. Other than making fuel efficient planes; the company makes planes with different features to meet the demand of the market. For example, there are planes which are more comfortable, some planes have high security feature and their size varies. This is to ensure that all the ma rkets are well catered for. Current issues in Airplanes business As technology advances, the transport sector is not left behind; there have been numerous developments in plane technology. Good and efficient transport is the back bone of trade and by extension economy. Other than the internet, the other development that has made the world a village is transport; more so air transport. This mode of transport has come with good things; however there are some problems that are associated with this means of transport the most serious being safety. How safe are the passengers? Are their lives safe? Are they psychologically troubled and how comfortable are they? In the recent past, there has been plane crashes in some parts of the world with the latest plane accident occurring on June 23, 2010 in Quebec, Canada and involved a Beechcraft A100 King Air model. The pilot of the above plane had reported that the plane had a problem and when trying to land, the plane exploded. There were seven people aboard and all of them died in the inferno. January 25, 2010 – there was another plane crash involving an Ethiopian Airlines Boeing 737-800 after taking off from Beirut airport. All the 90 passengers and crew on board perished. On May 20, 2009, An Indonesian C130 military transport plane crashed a few miles from Iswahyudi air force base in East Java. There were 110 passengers and crew members. 98 people were killed including two people who were not in the plane. Terrorism is another problem that air plane transport is faced with. Terrorists have for long targeted planes; this has left the passengers and crew’s lives endangered. Numerous deaths have occurred as a result. For example, in September 11, 2001, an attack of the world trade centre was made possible because the terrorist were able to use a plane for the attack. This brings in another angle to the discussion involving this means of transport; not only is it dangerous to the people aboard the plane but al so to those on the ground. The attack resulted in deaths of over 3000 people both on the ground and those aboard. In 2009, there was a threat of attack to an American plane where a Nigerian student had entered the plane with a bomb; though the attack was not carried out, there was a huge panic all over the world about the safety of passengers. Air rage is another problem that is on the rise in the recent past. More and more passengers are becoming victims of attack as well as lack of comfort as they board planes.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More SWOT Analysis Strengths Airbus strength is built on the strong brand name that is internationally recognized. There is a wide recognition of its products in all parts of the world. The strength of the company is undoubtedly engineered by its internal managerial mechanisms. In order to have a competitive edge in selling its product and services, it will be advisable for the company to take the advantage of its ability to compete favourably with equal players in the market. Airbus is able to adopt different modalities and outreach programs of reaching out to its consumers. In a market mostly controlled by the efficiency and the affordability of the products as well as quality, it will be an open strength for the company to explore more on innovations. In retrospect, strategic marketing plan should be in a position to explicitly document the various channels that can be used by the company to allocate more resources towards improving quality. Weaknesses There is no one company that is perfect; there is always an area that offers a weak point. One of the weak points that the company will undergo through are internal while others are from the external environment. Weaknesses refer to stumbling blocks that may deter the company from progressing towards a particular direction. One of the weaknesses is attitude that customers have upon new things introduced in the market. When discussing the concept of strategic market planning, we discover that resources are vital for an organization to effect significant changes. Another area of inevitable weakness is an expansion plan which entails diversifying the level of the company activities. This may take different forms. A critical look at geographical expansion depicts a glaring possibility of other stringent market uncertainties. Right at the onset, strategic planning will demand strategic resources, both human and financial, to make any significant move. Besides, implementation of the proposed market research will require mutual consent from all the affected divisions in the company. This will not only consume time as decisions are being made, but a lot of uncertainties abound especially on the verdict of the company. Opportunities and Threats Opportunities and threats are external forces that a company has minimal control over. These are outside factors which may work to the benefit or danger of the company. Opportunities for the company are dependent on both the internal and external assessment criteria of the company’s profile of operation. Similar to the weaknesses discussed above, the company can still optimize on the various opportunities available to bring about sustainable growth through effective competition. Some of the underlying opportunities for this company in regard to the macro environment are the diversification of its activities. In striking for the right opportunities, the company will have to analyze its main market rival. The strategies being employed by the competitor sh ould be critically assessed and evaluated for necessary counter action. In addition, the general plan of the competitor in a bid to control the market is a vital toolkit which this company can use to estimate the competitive edge of the market. Internal/External Analysis of Business Objectives Airbus is affected by the internal and external forces. The success that it has is dependent on how well it is going to overcome challenges posed by internal and external forces. To explain the forces, we will consider five porters model forces. In 1980, Porter developed a structure for analyzing the nature and extent of competition within an industry. His argument was that, in every industry, there are at least five competitive forces which establish the nature of competition within that industry. These five forces are discussed below: Threat of new Entrants Bargaining Power of Buyers Threat of Substitute products or Substitutes Rivalry among Existing competitors Buyer’s Bargaining Power The success of a business is dependent with the buyers. They are the customers of a business. They shape the kind of products that a business makes. Buyers have the ability to determine which products will move first and which will not. It is through buyers that a company realizes its competitive advantage in the market. In plane manufacturing business, there is need to produce quality goods which are responsive to the needs of their customers. In plane industry, there is a strong shift to have a move to low fee planes. This is an area the company should ensure it has made fuel efficient planes and big enough that passengers can enjoy economies of scale. Supplier’s Bargaining Power To create awareness of the kind of services that a company produces, there is need for marketing campaigns. In plane making-its main business, the Airbus should ensure that there is national and international awareness of activities that take place. The company needs to employ good strategie s to ensure that customers are aware of the existence of the products; it is by doing this that it can command more business. When quality products are well known by the customers, they are likely to be more accepted. Sales team should ensure that it makes the best targets and market segmentation. Competitive Rivalry in the Industry Within an industry, there are businesses which compete with one another for the available market share. These businesses either specialize in the production of similar products or differentiated products. In plane manufacturing, there are a number of existing companies which include Boeing, McDonnell Douglas, and American Lockheed. There are also new entrants in the business. Threat of New Entrants Airbus enjoys the largest plane making in the world; this does not mean though that there are no threats to its operations. The threat of new entrants to an industry depends on the number of entry barriers available. The higher the entry barriers, the fewer th e number of competitors will be in the industry. These barriers include: capital costs of entry, legal constraints, and access to distributing channels. Threat of Substitutes The company is competing internationally and thus there is the threat that someone may decide to use another country’s products instead of those of Airbus. A substitute product is a product that meets the same needs as those met by a product produced by another company. The extent of the threat from a particular substitute will depend upon two factors; namely, willingness of buyers to switch to substitute products and the degree to which the value and performance of the substitute can compete with the industry’s product (Alter) Managerial decision-making is the process through which managers arrive at the alternative solution to a given challenge facing an organization. The success of an organization is dependent on the quality of decisions made by its managers. One of the major attributes that ma ke a good manager stand out is his or her decisiveness. The quality of decisions made by a manager is reflected in the performance of his or her organization (Wheelen Hunger, 1998). Defining the problem The first step in making a good decision is defining the challenge that calls for a decision to be made. There are problems that require either a â€Å"no† or a â€Å"yes†, others require an urgent solution and others can wait for a certain period of time for alternative solution to be arrived. Generally to have a job well-done, it is of great importance that people involved start from the beginning. Decision making is not an exemption. In this stage, a good context of the problem is grasped. It is only after getting the correct understanding of the problem that he/she can make a good decision. Gathering data In this stage the manager should gather all relevant data and facts. It is from the facts and data that he develops various alternatives of choices that can be us ed to solve the problem at hand. The statistics will also be the ones that will support the final decision. There are various methods of collecting data; they include researching, brainstorming, and experimentation. It is the manager’s duty to choose the right method to adopt because different problems call for different methods. Depending on the problem, the people to be consulted differ. However, an effective manager should ensure that he/she consults those who matter and those who know. Consultation assists in making a more informed decision and assists in generating more alternatives of choice. Their opinions and viewpoints should be considered in the final decision making, but the manager should always keep in mind that it is his/her responsibility to come up with the right decision (Williams, 2001). Choosing the best alternative After taking time and pondering over the issues; time taken depends on the urgency of the decision, he/she chooses and implements the best alte rnative. At the initial stage a lot of support of the decision is required to ensure that the whole organization or the departments concerned have adopted it effectively. It is not always that a decision made bring the expected results; thus feedback from the people on the ground and the general performance of the business should be sorted, so as areas that need improvement are recognized. In-case an area that needs improvement has been recognized, it should be addressed appropriately (Bridge Dodds, 1975). Today, the world is regaining from the world economic crisis that started in 2007. Every economy is trying to position itself to effectively recover. The crisis has already affected economies with a large number of them having a negative economic growth. There is hope that recovery will be attained. Different businesses have been affected in different angles. The transport business is one of the many that have suffered. Alongside the difficult economic situations, the airlines ar e facing stiff competition among themselves. There are different airlines that have developed strategies that have negatively affected the other players. There is a reduced business in some to the extent that there is likelihood that they may opt to merge with others so as to make them profitable. Almost all the airlines are struggling to keep afloat; there has been high bankruptcy in both the United States and Europe. The sector is affected by both the aftermath of gulf war and the global financial crisis. Airline business is one of the tricky businesses that entry is easy but quitting the industry is hard. There is the breaking down of the traditional pricing model; the model was offering for control of price wars in the airline market. The emergence of low cost carriers was on the rise. They charge as low as the half of the traditional costs. The major question that the sector is facing is what the future holds for it. The costs are not going down but on the rise. The cost of fue l is on the rise, the expectation of the customer in terms of services expected, the meals have become expensive, and the general expenses are on the rise. Of late there is the terrorist attack that is continuously reducing the goodwill of airline companies. The sector is facing challenges especially those companies that do not have a large capacity to compete with the leading carriers. The level of technology is another area that is contributing to the â€Å"unfair† competition. This is because of the new high tech facilities/ aero planes that are consuming fuel in an efficient way. The invention has made them able to charge lower prices and give good service, at the expense of the old models without this facility. There are also the jumbo planes that are capable to carry a large number of people, and thus they enjoy economies of scale. The prices charged are lower than the small planes. The concept of free trade is another way of doing business that has made the business to develop ways that they are going to fight their competitors. This has left the control of the airlines on the hands of individuals. When the control is on the individuals, then the dominant companies are more likely to develop measures that are going to negatively affect the small players (Congressional Research Service, 1992). Recommendations Airline industry is undergoing a rapid change. Airbus Company is affected by the trend and the way forward is ensuring that the company embraces efficiency in its processes. Efficiency in a business has numerous benefits to the business. It gives a business competitive advantage; to attain efficiency, there is need to ensure that all business processes are adequately addressed. Airline Company should borrow a move that was first implemented by Motorola in 1981 when the electronic industry had high competition. Motorola named the approach as Six Sigma. Despite the fact that the project had been innovated to be used in the company; it has sprea d to businesses in United States and other places in the world. It has also been incorporated in management syllabuses. When Airbus implements a six sigma procedure, it ensures that there is efficiency in all processes in a business; it uses scientific methods like data analysis to make decisions in a certain area. The process aims at attaining specializations in areas of interest in a way that the end result will give an overall efficiency in an organization. It creates special infrastructure and labels the users of such processes as â€Å"Belts†. There are â€Å"green belts† and â€Å"black belts† among others. After developing a certain route of efficiency, it lays down steps that must be followed to all people who are working in a particular area. The steps are regarded as the path of efficiency. The path minimizes wastes in all aspects as it aims at realizing the areas of defect. Improvement of a prevailing procedure follows after that has been attained. Th e management tool analyses any derivative from perfection and offer management with an overview of the areas that they need to look into for a full efficiency. The management system assumes that if Airbus has more than 3.4 defects, then the said company has a problem that need to be addressed. This is in the areas of fuel consumption level set by the company; comfort of the planes as per the required level of the company and how fast the company meet its customers’ needs. The method acknowledges that there is no 100% efficiency level; however it is of the option that the highest attainable efficiency should be sought. It is of the opinion that there are some areas in an organization which can be improved to attain full efficiency. Airbus should works with the following objectives in mind. Ensuring customer satisfaction;- this is attained through continuous improvement of processes other than processes there is the customer care that they receive from staff it should guarante e satisfaction. Defect- failing to deliver what the customer wants the management tool ensures that there is complete satisfaction of customers by quality products free from defects. Process- internal processes needs to be looked at to ensure that there is efficiency in production processes What the customer sees and feel; stable operations- Ensuring consistent, predictable processes to improve what the customer sees and feels; and design for six sigma- designing to meet customer needs and process capability The general way that the Airbus company management tool follows can be defined as Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control. All the processes that Airline adopts when manufacturing products should be interpolated and ensured to be efficient. The initial stage of a six sigma if for management to agree and understand the need to develop a six sigma management tool when the decision has been reached it requires them to understand the prevailing condition. The first step in m aking a decision to implement six sigma management systems is defining the challenge that calls for an attention. They are involved in asking which areas require the change. Why is the change important? Generally to have a job well-done, it is of great importance that people involved start from the beginning. Decision making is not an exemption. In this stage, a good context of the problem is grasped. It is only after getting the correct understanding of the problem that he/she can make a good decision. Concerns of customers are noted, the trade of profit is analyzed. Since company A has been operating well then there has been an almost immediate change, it means there is a place where there are defects. These defects maybe in processing, in advertising, pricing or even distribution, it is the tapes of management to realize where. The next stage is for Airbus research team to gather all relevant data and facts. It is from the facts and data that he develops various alternatives of c hoices that can be used to solve the problem at hand. Customers who have complained may be called to give more details, production targets reviewed compare the company with other companies in the same industry, consider data from published and unpublished sources. The statistics will also be the ones that will support the final decision. There are various methods of collecting data; they include researching, brainstorming, and experimentation. It is the manager’s duty to choose the right method to adopt because different problems call for different methods. When adequate data has been collected, then the company has a base to make the right decision. After Airbus has understood the deficit in its production and depending on the problem, the people to be consulted differ. However, an effective manager should ensure that he/ she consults those who matter and those who know. Consultation assists in making a more informed decision and assists in generating more alternatives of ch oice. Their opinions and viewpoints should be considered in the final decision making, but the manager should always keep in mind that it is his/her responsibility to come up with the right decision. After taking time and pondering over the issues; time taken depends on the urgency of the decision, he/she chooses and implements the best alternative. At the initial stage a lot of support of the decision is required to ensure that the whole organization or the departments concerned have adopted it effectively. It is not always that a decision made bring the expected results; thus feedback from the people on the ground and the general performance of the business should be sorted, so as areas that need improvement are recognized. In-case an area that needs improvement has been recognized, it should be addressed appropriately (Heppenheimer, 1995). Certainly a decision to have a six sigma tool of management will change a number of things in an organization; the following are some of thing s that the management of six sigma should expect in Airbus Company; organizational structure; this is the way an organization set up is, it may be affected by the change about to come Addition/removal of another department; some departments may prove unworthy and as the source of inefficiency, they may be script. On the other hand, there may be need to develop a monitoring department which will be mandated with the task of overseeing the entire process removing procedural barriers to experimentation and change; these may be bureaucratic processes, some employees may be sucked, some deployed in other departments, and an additional employees may be required These are processes that involve top management to be fully involved and understand the trend and effect of the process. When all is set then next step is moved into. The last stage is control of the implemented project. When controlling there is an already set path through which processes should follow. They should start from so mewhere heading to another area. When under control, there is need to have a well defined personnel’s who have been recognized to have a certain efficiency level in an area, they should be empowered to conduct their duties. If there was a department that was scrapped, then any effects as a result should be understood and addressed Effectively project management plans are developed to ensure that the project sustainability has been attained. Though it is the final stage, it carries a lot of weight since it oversees that every process in the organization has been fully upgraded. It is not a onetime process but is a continuous one. Feedback is of importance and considered for further decision making. The following are some of the tools for this work quality control process charts, control charts, and standardization practices. Time and again there may be possibility that the Airbus Company devise better ways of doing things and this should not be locked out of the system. There is no most efficient system but it is unique to a particular organization and industry. All managerial departments should actively participate in this process for example, the human resource department is given the mandate of ensuring that adequate employees are available at all times in the organization; it has both quantitative and qualitative aspects. Qualitative means the right number of employees and qualitative means employees with right skills (McGuire, 1997). Critical factors define the path that Airline takes in attainment of its mission and vision. When the business is set to go there are things that must be done to ensure that all is well for the attainment of the set goals and objectives. In an information system case the critical success factors are the number of users who are going to use the system and the system will offer them assistance in the work that they are doing. At the same time there is the issue of market accessibility and the need for more market share as a result of the improvement. When developing an integrated system, there are the funds that go to the project and the benefit that the company is going to get as a result. When this is analyzed then the final result should be a benefit to the company. The duration that the program will be used in the company should be analyzed to ensure that it will be good enough for the company to have reaped benefits out of the investment. Customer satisfaction is another goal that the system should bring on board, since the entire development is aimed at creating a better experience to a company’s customers. References Airbus. (2010) Airbus. [Online] Available from:  https://www.airbus.com/ . Bridge, J., Dodds., J. (1975) Managerial decision making. London. Taylor Francis Congressional Research Service. (1992)  Airbus Industries: An Economic and Trade Perspective. U.S. Library of Congress. Heppenheimer, T.A. (1995)  Turbulent Skies: The History of Commercial Aviation. New York. J ohn Wiley. McGuire, S. (1997)  Airbus Industrie: Conflict and Cooperation in U.S.E.C. Trade Relations. New York. St. Martins Press. McIntyre, I. (1982)  Dogfight: The Transatlantic Battle Over Airbus. New York. Praeger Publishers. Wheelen, L., Hunger, J. (1998) Strategic Management and Business Policy: Entering 21st Century Global Society. Massachusetts. Addison Wesley Williams, S. (2001) Making better business decisions: understanding and improving critical thinking and problem-solving skills. London. Sage